* This map displays 75 records. Only places with coordinates are displayed.
Pontos Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/633/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Pontos Pontus بُنطس A region south of the Black Sea.

Attestation of name بُنطس in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/633 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pontus http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=P&sK=Pontus&sT=keywords The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Pontus Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī I:593
Qalʿat Simʿān Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/635/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2016-12-09+01:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 Changed @xml:lang 'en-xsrp1' to 'en-x-srp1' ADDED: Add alternate names for search functionality. ADDED: Add alternate names for search functionality. CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: latitude and longitude from Pleiades ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Qalʿat Simʿān Qalʿāt Simʿān Qalat Siman دير سمعان Qalat Simān Qal‘at Sim‘ān Qalāt Simān Qal‘āt Sim‘ān The monastery of St. Simeon Stylites west of Aleppo. 36.334167 36.843889

Attestation of name دير سمعان in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/635 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658606/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites http://dbpedia.org/resource/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=Q&sK=Qalat Siman&sT=keywords The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 16, 377 (fig. 112) The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Qalat Siman http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658606 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī II:587
Claudiopolis Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/64/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-01-14-05:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Claudiopolis A city of south-central Anatolia. 36.63333 33.45 http://syriaca.org/place/64 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648723 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudiopolis_(Cilicia) http://dbpedia.org/resource/Claudiopolis_(Cilicia) The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage Map I A1
Rome — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܪܘܡܝ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/641/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: latitude and longitude from Pleiades ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Rome ܪܘܡܝ رومية The capital city of Italy and formerly the capital of the Roman Empire. 41.8917375 12.4861685

Attestation of name رومية in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/641 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423025 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rome http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=R&sK=Rome&sT=keywords The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 3, 4, 5, 10, 13–14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 31, 33, 43, 44, 47, 65, 66, 69, 78, 83, 86, 89, 92, 99, 100, 116, 118–119, 122, 124, 134, 136, 142, 166, 179, 180, 184, 185, 187–188, 196, 198, 200, 204, 207, 212, 233, 237, 245, 247, 248, 256, 257, 259, 260, 262, 266, 271, 275, 287, 296, 297, 300, 301, 303, 306, 308, 338, 350, 352, 356–357, 361, 362, 369, 371, 379, 385, 388, 389, 396, 398, 399, 412–413, 419, 436, 443, 446, 448, 449 ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 491 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 460 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 513 The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Rome David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 10, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 63, 74, 75, 81, 87, 89, 106, 112, 210, 211, 267, 267, 327, 351, 352, 358, 362, 363, 364 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423025 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī III:113
Cyrrhus — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܩܘܪܘܣ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson David A. Michelson Initial Barsoum entry creation by David A. Michelson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/65/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Cyrrhus ܩܘܪܘܣ ܩܽܘܪܳܘܣ قورس قُوْرُس An ancient and medieval city 70 km north of Aleppo. 36.73466 36.94896

Attestation of name قُوْرُس in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/65 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658446 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrrhus http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cyrrhus The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 127, 347, 402, 407 Map I B1 ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 359 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 330 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 377 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī IV:467
Damascus — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܕܪܡܣܘܩ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson David A. Michelson Initial Barsoum entry creation by David A. Michelson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/66/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Damascus ܕܪܡܣܘܩ ܕܰܪܡܣܘܩ دمشق دِمَشق Syriac Darmsuq and Arabic Dimashq. City in Syria and the seat at present of the Syr. Orth. Patriarchate. 148. Damascus 33.513 36.292

Attestation of name دِمَشق in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/66 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678106 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus http://dbpedia.org/resource/Damascus http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=D&sK=Damascus&sT=keywords H. Takahashi 148. Damascus The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 111-113 The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 15, 30, 38, 40, 43, 55, 77, 86, 108, 111–113 (with fig. 39), 116, 140, 142, 165, 183, 192, 196–197, 208, 228, 241, 262, 270, 284, 296, 330, 342, 361, 368, 389, 393–394 (with fig. 114), 425–426, 431, (fig. 128), 441, 444 Map I A2, II A2, V ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 539 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 506 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 554 The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Damascus David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 13, 62-63, 65, 361, 363, 364 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī II:527
Dara — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܕܪܐ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson David A. Michelson Initial Barsoum entry creation by David A. Michelson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Syriac description entry by Robert Aydin Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/67/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Dara ܕܪܐ ܕܳܪܳܐ دارا A Roman city between Mardin and Nisibis. ܡܕܝܺܢܬܐ ܗܝ ܕܒܰܦܫܦܘܽܠܐ ܕܛܘܪܐ ܒܶܝܬ ܢܨܺܝܒܝܺܢ ܠܡܰܪܕܺܝܢ ܐܶܬܝܰܬܒܰܬ ܫܢܰܬ 506 ܘܩܰܘܝܰܬ ܟܘܪܣܝܳܐ ܐܶܦܝܣܩܘܦܳܝܐ ܠܣܘܪ̈ܝܳܝܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܡܶܨܥܝ̈ܬܗ ܕܕܳܪܳܐ ܕܝ̄ܒ ܘܝܰܘܡܳܢ ܩܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܗܝ ܙܥܘܽܪܬܐ. بلدة في لحف جبل بين نصيبين وماردين مُصّرت عام 506م وظلت كرسيا اسقفيا للسريان حتى اواسط المئة الثانية عشرة وهي اليوم قرية حقيرة a town situated at the foot of the mountain between Nisibin and Mardin. Built in 506, it remained a seat of Syrian bishops until the middle of the twelfth century. Today it is an insignificant village. 37.17899 40.95491

Attestation of name دارا in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/67 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/874444 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_(Mesopotamia) http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dara_(Mesopotamia) http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=D&sK=Dara&sT=keywords The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 104, 168, 178, 251, 267, 419, 432 Map I B1, II B1, III ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 540 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 507 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 553 The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Dara Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī II:477
Ascalon Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/674/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: latitude and longitude from Pleiades ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Ascalon عَسْقلان A coastal city north of Gaza. 31.661963 34.546334

Attestation of name عَسْقلان in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/674 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687839/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ashkelon The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 231 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687839 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī IV:137
Filasṭīn — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܦܠܫܬ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/698/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: latitude and longitude from Pleiades ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Filasṭīn ܦܠܫܬ ܦܠܶܫܬ فلسطين Palestine فِلَسْطين 31.25 34.75

Attestation of name فِلَسْطين in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/698 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687995 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Palestine http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=P&sK=Palestine&sT=keywords ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 539 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 506 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 553 The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Palestine David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 17, 40, 62-65, 66, 342 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687995 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī IV:311
Cyprus — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܩܘܦܪܘܣ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/714/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: latitude and longitude from Pleiades ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Cyprus ܩܘܦܪܘܣ ܩܘܽܦܪܘܣ قبرس قُبْرُس 35.0444470024 32.6288214881

Attestation of name قُبْرُس in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/714 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707498 The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 59, 69, 92, 107, 108, 134, 147, 181, 183, 210, 299, 322, 372, 384 Map I A2, II A2 ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 287 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 261 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 300 David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 4, 40, 63-64, 66, 346, 347 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707498 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī IV:346
Egypt Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/715/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: GEDSH, Barsoum, and CBSC citations ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Egypt ܡܨܪܝܢ ܡܶܨܪܝܢ مصر

Attestation of name مصر in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 http://syriaca.org/place/715 David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 13, 40, 51, 63, 65, 66, 342 The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 1, 11, 29, 40-41, 43, 48, 59, 71, 88-89, 92, 100, 103-106, 109, 112, 114, 127, 144-145, 147, 151-152, 156, 183, 185, 188, 205, 210, 236, 252, 262, 289, 299, 306-307, 317, 321, 322, 325, 331, 332, 334, 343, 346, 358, 363, 367, 368, 370, 386-387, 391, 396, 407, 408, 418, 419, 424, 445, 450 ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 536 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 504 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 569 The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Egypt Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī V:160
Arabia Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/716/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-01-14-05:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Arabia http://syriaca.org/place/716 David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 344
Siirt Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/724/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-01-14-05:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 ADDED: relation element with shares-name-with attribute for all place headwords that share names ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching CREATED: place Siirt Seert Arzun http://syriaca.org/place/724 David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 3, 8, 14, 22, 38, 39, 40, 50, 82-99, 101, 105, 116, 124, 276, 323, 346, 350, 354, 358, 359, 360, 363, 366
Marde Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/762/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

 2014-01-14-05:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching ADDED: disambiguation note CREATED: place Marde Erbil region Not the same place as Mardin. http://syriaca.org/place/762 David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 167
Edessa — <foreign xml:lang="syr">ܐܘܪܗܝ</foreign> Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal The National Endowment for the Humanities The International Balzan Prize Foundation Thomas A. Carlson David A. Michelson Initial Barsoum entry creation by David A. Michelson Data merging, Pleiades and Wikipedia linking, and XML by Thomas A. Carlson Syriac description entry by Robert Aydin Arabic description entry by Dayroyo Roger-Youssef Akhrass Wilmshurst index information entry by Anthony Davis Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by David A. Michelson Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by William L. Potter Record validation, normalization, and revisions for the second edition (2.0) by Daniel L. Schwartz Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal http://syriaca.org/place/78/tei

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

This entry incorporates copyrighted material from the following work(s): used under a Creative Commons Attribution license

2014-06-30-04:00 The Syriac Gazetteer David A. Michelson, 2014-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. Thomas A. Carlson, 2014-2018 David A. Michelson, 2014-present. Daniel L. Schwartz, 2019-present. William L. Potter, 2020-present. http://syriaca.org/geo

Born digital.

This record has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines. Documentation is available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation. The Syriac Gazetteer was encoded using both the general editorial guidelines for all publications of Syriaca.org and an encoding schema specific to The Syriac Gazetteer.

Approximate dates described in terms of centuries or partial centuries have been interpreted into quantitative values as documented in the Syriaca.org guidelines for normalization of dates. See Syriaca.org Guidelines for Approximate Dates.

The state element of @type="existence" indicates the period for which this place was in use as a place of its indicated type (e.g. an inhabited settlement, a functioning monastery or church, an administrative province). While it is possible to indicate a source for this date, this date is usually based on the estimate of the editors and provided as an aid to searching. As a practice, attested dates for a place based on historical sources have instead been encoded more precisely using event of @type="attestation". Natural features which have always existed have no date on the state element of @type="existence" since they are are presumed to have always existed throughout recorded history.

In some cases, maps from print publications have been used as the basis for coordinate data in The Syriac Gazetteer. In two instances, the editors of such print maps provided the digital coordinate data used to prepare the print maps. Specifically, coordinates which are attributed to The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) or to The Syriac World (http://syriaca.org/bibl/PUTG99V4) were extracted from the KML files used to create the print maps for those volumes. Because only the print maps were published, the citation for these coordinates refers to the print source. The editors of the The Syriac Gazetteer are grateful to the editors of The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage and The Syriac World for providing these coordinate files.

The editors have silently normalized data from other sources in some cases. The primary instances are listed below.

The capitalization of names from The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (http://syriaca.org/bibl/1) was normalized silently (i.e. names in ALL-CAPS were replaced by Proper-noun capitalization).

The unchanging parts of alternate names from the editions and translations of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/2, http://syriaca.org/bibl/3, or http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) have been supplied silently.

Names from the English translation of Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences (http://syriaca.org/bibl/4) were silently transformed into sentence word order rather than the headword alphabetization used by Barsoum. Commas were silently removed.

 The name used by Syriaca.org for document titles, citation, and disambiguation. These names have been created according to the Syriac.org guidelines for headwords: http://syriaca.org/documentation/headwords.html.

Languages codes used in this record follow the Syriaca.org guidelines. Documentation available at: http://syriaca.org/documentation/langusage.xml

CHANGED: Implemented May 2019 batch changes, see https://github.com/srophe/srophe-app-data/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3A2019-May-Batch-Changes. The issues labeled were #742, #743, #746, #747, #749, #752, #754, #757, #759, #761, #763, #765, #766, #767, #768, #769, #770, #771, #772, #773, #774, #792, #793, #794, #797, #802, #803, #804, #806, #807, #815, #816, #817, #818, #819, #820, #821, #822, #823, #824, #825, #826, #827, #829, #831, #832, #833, #834, #836, #843, #847, #848, #849, #850, #851, #852, #853 CHANGED tei:author element to tei:persName under tei:event element. ADDED: Yaqut citation and attestation ADDED: markup around Syriac name in attestation event FIXED: date in relation was erroneously 363 instead of 641 FIXED: URI for confessions.xml needed "documentation/" to be inserted ADDED: syriaca-computed-end for elements with when attributes ADDED: syriaca-computed-start and syriaca-computed-end attributes for searching FIXED: location of quotation marks relative to elements in location of type "relative" ADDED: work URIs to attestation state elements CHANGED: desc or label within event to p FIXED: renamed "errata" to "incerta" as note type FIXED: attestation78-6 and attestation78-7 pointed to the wrong confession ADDED: confession78-6 and bib78-11 ADDED: confession URIs FIXED: missing attestation 5 ADDED: confession Melkite, attestations 3-7 ADDED: names 8-10, events in 213, 489, 641, 1098, 1144, 1517, 1913-1919, 1924 REMOVED: relation to Ephrem (http://syriaca.org/person/13), to be stored in person record ADDED: name and confession attestations, and Chabot bibl item FIXED: typo in errata note ADDED: errata note ADDED: Barsoum Syriac to licence ADDED: citation of GEDSH article separate from that of maps REMOVED: place type from title ADDED: formattable markup to title and licence FIXED: CBSC entry information and added idno CBSC links ADDED: License for Barsoum data FIXED: document titles and source URI ADDED: CBSC article name and link CREATED: place Edessa Urfa ܐܘܪܗܝ ܐܘܪܗܳܝ ܐܘܪܦܰܗ̈ الرها اورفه Adme Antiochia Kallirhoe Urhay الرُّهاء أَذاسا A city of Mesopotamia, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Osrhoene, modern Urfa. 183. Edessa ܡܕܺܝܢܬܐ ܗܳܝ ܛܒܝܒܬܳܐ ܠܡܰܕܢܚܳܐ ܕܚܳܠܳܒ ܚܰܡܫܳܐ ܝܰܘܡ̈ܝܢ ܘܡܶܫܬܰܡܗܐ ܝܰܘܡܳܢ ܐܘܪܦܰܗ̈ مدينة مشهورة خمسة ايام عن حلب شرقا وتسمى اليوم اورفه. a famous city, five day journey eastward from Aleppo, now called Urfa. 37.15 38.8 five day journey eastward from Aleppo Osrhoene Roman Empire

Renamed Edessa by Seleucus I Nicator.

Flood of the river Daiṣan destroyed part of city.

Full incorporation into the Roman Empire.

Closure of the "School of the Persians."

Edessa conquered by the Arabs.

Edessa conquered by the Crusaders.

Edessa conquered by Zengi of Mosul.

Edessa incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.

Massacres of some of Armenian and Syriac Christians during World War I.

Emigration of remaining Armenian and Syrian Christians to Aleppo.

Attestation of name ܐܘܪܗܝ in the anonymous Chronicle of 1234.

Attestation of Syrian Orthodox church in Edessa in the anonymous Chronicle of 1234.

Attestation of Christian church in Edessa according to the Chronicle of Edessa.

Attestation of Chalcedonian author in Edessa according to the Chronicle of Edessa.

Attestation of Chalcedonian bishop in Edessa according to the Chronicle of Edessa.

Attestation of anti-Chalcedonian bishop in Edessa according to the Chronicle of Edessa.

Attestation of Syrian Orthodox metropolitan for Edessa according to Barsoum's Scattered Pearls.

Attestation of names الرُّهاء and أَذاسا in the Muʿjam al-buldān of Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī.

 GEDSH article identifies its river as the Balikh, but the identification is contested. http://syriaca.org/place/78 http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658457 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şanlıurfa http://www.csc.org.il/db/browse.aspx?db=SB&sL=E&sK=Edessa&sT=keywords A. Harrak 183. Edessa The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 138-139 The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 1, 4, 5–6 (with fig. 1), 9–10, 13, 15–16, 18, 26, 29, 31, 33–34, 36, 37–38, 41, 46, 54, 56, 60, 64, 69, 71, 74, 84, 86, 90, 97–98, 99, 102, 107–108, 126, 127, 128, 132–133, 138–139 (with fig. 47), 145, 153, 155, 162, 163, 164, 178, 191–192, 195–196, 197, 199, 201–202, 209, 213, 220, 229, 237, 249, 252, 260–261, 262, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271–272, 273, 284, 287, 288, 303–304, 314, 316, 317, 322, 327–328, 332, 335, 343, 346, 348, 350, 351, 352, 356, 361, 363, 367, 376, 377, 384, 390, 392, 398, 401, 403, 407, 410–411, 419, 431, 432, 433, 438–439, 444, 446, 448 Map I B1, II B1, III ܒܪ̈ܘܠܐ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܠ ܡܪܕܘܬ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܕܝܪ̈ܐ 556 كتاب اللؤلؤ المنثور في تاريخ العلوم والأداب السريانية 516 The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences 553 The Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity Edessa David Wilmshurst The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913 53, 65, 361, 362 Catalogue of Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired since the Year 1838 2:912 Anonymi auctoris chronicon ad annum Christi 1234 pertinens 2:136 Chronica minora Ignatius Guidi 1:2, 11, 13 Jews and Christians at Edessa Han J. W. Drijvers 90, 102 Muʿjam al-buldān Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī I:155; III:120