Thomas A. Carlson (ed.), "Medina" in last modified August 9, 2017, http://syriaca.org/place/2907 Medina المدينة Yathrib يثرب A city in Arabia and the capital of the earliest caliphate Attestation of names يثرب and المدينة in the Kitāb al-aʿlāq al-nafīsa of Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar Ibn Rustah. http://syriaca.org/place/2907 https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/464208930 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina https://dbpedia.org/resource/Medina The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 220, 302 Kitāb al-aʿlāq al-nafīsa Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar Ibn Rustah 58, 78