Thomas A. Carlson (ed.), "Espen" in last modified January 14, 2014, http://syriaca.org/place/1206
    
        
            
                
                    Espen
                    
                    
                        Sīwīne district
                        Hakkārī region
                    
          
                    http://syriaca.org/place/1206
                    
                        David Wilmshurst
                        The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913
                        295, 296, 332