<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Timothy I Defending the Cross against Jews and Muslims: A Newly Discovered Testimony</title><title level="j">Medieval Encounters</title><sponsor>Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal</sponsor><funder>The National Endowment for the Humanities</funder><funder>The International Balzan Prize Foundation</funder><editor role="general" ref="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#dmichelson">David A. Michelson</editor><editor role="creator" ref="https://www.zotero.org/cbsc_admin">cbsc_admin</editor><respStmt><resp>Record added to Zotero by</resp><name ref="https://www.zotero.org/cbsc_admin">cbsc_admin</name></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>Syriaca.org: The Syriac Reference Portal</authority><idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/cbss/43692AQ8/tei</idno><availability>
        <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">
            <p>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.</p>
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    </availability><date>2025-05-20-05:00</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><p>Born digital.</p></sourceDesc></fileDesc><revisionDesc><change who="http://syriaca.org/documentation/editors.xml#autogenerated" when="2025-05-20-05:00">CREATED: This bibl record was autogenerated from a Zotero record.</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader><text><body><biblStruct type="journalArticle"><analytic><author><forename>Sergey</forename><surname>Minov</surname></author><title level="a">Timothy I Defending the Cross against Jews and Muslims: A Newly Discovered Testimony</title><idno type="URI">http://syriaca.org/cbss/43692AQ8</idno><idno type="URI">https://www.zotero.org/groups/a_comprehensive_bibliography_on_syriac_studies/items/43692AQ8</idno><idno type="URI">https://www.zotero.org/groups/4861694/items/43692AQ8</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Medieval Encounters</title><biblScope unit="vol">31:2</biblScope><imprint><date>2025</date></imprint><biblScope unit="pp">119-154</biblScope></monogr><note type="abstract">The article presents for the first time the Syriac text, an English translation and discussion of the surviving fragments of a newly discovered apologetic composition by Timothy I (fl. 780–823), the East Syrian patriarch of Baghdad. In this work, the catholicos defends Christian practice of veneration of the cross against possible critique by Jewish and Muslim adversaries. Discussed in the context of Timothy’s other works and of the earlier and contemporary polemical literature by Christians, the newly published material offers a valuable evidence on the development of the repertoire of anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim polemical arguments among Syriac and Arab Christians during the eighth and ninth centuries.</note></biblStruct><bibl type="formatted" subtype="bibliography" resp="https://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-note-bibliography-17th-edition">
  Minov, Sergey. “Timothy I Defending the Cross against Jews and Muslims: A Newly Discovered Testimony.” <title level="m">Medieval Encounters</title> 31:2 (2025): 119–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340213.
</bibl><bibl type="formatted" subtype="coins" resp="https://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-note-bibliography-17th-edition"><ptr target="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F15700674-12340213&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=Timothy%20I%20Defending%20the%20Cross%20against%20Jews%20and%20Muslims%3A%20A%20Newly%20Discovered%20Testimony&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=Medieval%20Encounters&amp;amp;rft.volume=31%3A2&amp;amp;rft.aufirst=Sergey&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Minov&amp;amp;rft.au=Sergey%20Minov&amp;amp;rft.date=2025&amp;amp;rft.pages=119-154&amp;amp;rft.spage=119&amp;amp;rft.epage=154"/></bibl><bibl type="formatted" subtype="citation" resp="https://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-note-bibliography-17th-edition">Sergey Minov, <title level="a">Timothy I Defending the Cross against Jews and Muslims: A Newly Discovered Testimony,</title> <title level="m">Medieval Encounters</title> 31:2 (2025): 119–54, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340213.</bibl><listRelation/></body></text></TEI>